{"id":946,"date":"2025-10-26T02:19:21","date_gmt":"2025-10-26T02:19:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viniciojarquin.com\/blog\/?p=946"},"modified":"2025-10-26T02:19:25","modified_gmt":"2025-10-26T02:19:25","slug":"07-la-sala-constitucional-de-costa-rica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viniciojarquin.com\/blog\/07-la-sala-constitucional-de-costa-rica\/","title":{"rendered":"07 – LA SALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE COSTA RICA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A la Sala Constitucional se le conoce popularmente como la Sala Cuarta<\/strong>, y aunque muchos la mencionan, no siempre se entiende del todo cu\u00e1l es su funci\u00f3n o por qu\u00e9 es tan importante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Sala IV no es un tribunal cualquiera.  Es la m\u00e1xima defensora de la Constituci\u00f3n Pol\u00edtica<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Su tarea principal es garantizar que ninguna ley, decreto, decisi\u00f3n o acci\u00f3n de autoridad p\u00fablica viole los derechos fundamentales de las personas ni los principios establecidos en la Constituci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dicho de otra manera, la Sala IV es el \u201cescudo\u201d que protege al ciudadano del abuso del poder. Y eso incluye cualquier poder: el Ejecutivo, el Legislativo, el Judicial o incluso las municipalidades y universidades p\u00fablicas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fue creada en 1989<\/strong>, y desde entonces ha tenido un papel decisivo en la historia reciente del pa\u00eds.  Gracias a su existencia, cualquier persona \u2014sin importar su edad, nacionalidad, cargo o condici\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica\u2014 puede acudir directamente a ella cuando considera que sus derechos han sido violentados o amenazados<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Sala IV resuelve dos tipos principales de acciones:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. El recurso de amparo<\/strong>, que protege los derechos fundamentales de las personas frente a cualquier acto arbitrario de una autoridad o instituci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Por ejemplo: si una entidad p\u00fablica te niega informaci\u00f3n, o si un hospital te niega atenci\u00f3n m\u00e9dica sin raz\u00f3n v\u00e1lida).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. La acci\u00f3n de inconstitucionalidad<\/strong>, que analiza si una ley, reglamento o decreto contradice la Constituci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Por ejemplo: si una ley aprobada por la Asamblea o un decreto del Gobierno afecta derechos o principios fundamentales).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cuando la Sala IV resuelve, su decisi\u00f3n es de acatamiento obligatorio<\/strong>.  Ninguna autoridad puede ignorarla, ni siquiera el presidente de la Rep\u00fablica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y eso no es arrogancia judicial, es simplemente la Constituci\u00f3n funcionando<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cada vez que la Sala IV anula un decreto, detiene una ley o corrige una instituci\u00f3n, no lo hace para \u201cmeterse en pol\u00edtica\u201d o \u201cestorbar al Gobierno\u201d. Lo hace porque esa es su raz\u00f3n de existir: ser el \u00e1rbitro final entre el poder y el derecho.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gracias a la Sala IV, hoy los costarricenses tenemos acceso directo a la justicia constitucional sin necesidad de abogados, sin costos y con un proceso relativamente \u00e1gil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eso nos hace uno de los pa\u00edses m\u00e1s avanzados del continente en materia de protecci\u00f3n de derechos humanos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Sala IV no est\u00e1 al servicio de ning\u00fan gobierno, ni de ning\u00fan partido. Est\u00e1 al servicio de la Constituci\u00f3n, y por ende, al servicio del pueblo<\/strong>. Por eso, cuando alguien critica sus decisiones porque no favorecen \u201ca los suyos\u201d, vale la pena recordar algo:  el d\u00eda que la Sala IV deje de actuar libremente, ning\u00fan costarricense estar\u00e1 seguro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Porque una democracia sin jueces valientes es solo una democracia en apariencia.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A la Sala Constitucional se le conoce popularmente como la Sala Cuarta, y aunque muchos la mencionan, no siempre se […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":958,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-946","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-eduquemonos"],"yoast_head":"\n07 - 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